Matute on LA Metro’s Transportation Bidding Practices

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Juan Matute, deputy director of the UCLA Institute of Transportation Studies, was quoted in a Los Angeles Times story about a lawsuit by labor advocates against the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority over a $730 million contract bid to build new subway cars. The subway cars are intended to replace the city’s aging fleet and run on the D Line extension to West Los Angeles, which is scheduled to be running before the 2028 Olympics. About Metro’s bidding practices, Matute commented on an earlier $66-million contract to upgrade the city’s tap-to-pay program, in which the agency did not publicly request bids but instead modified a two-decades-old contract. “The downside of this is that Metro can use the compressed timelines of delivering transportation services and infrastructure to its advantage to constrain procurement choices,” Matute said, noting the appearance that the agency ran down the clock to limit the feasibility of other alternatives.

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Loukaitou-Sideris on Public Transit Crime

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Professor Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, interim dean of UCLA Luskin, commented in a Chicago Tribune story on crime and violence on Chicago’s public transit system and efforts by the city and transit officials to stem crime rates that are higher than before the pandemic. While the odds of being a victim of violent crime on the Chicago Transit Authority’s “L” train system were lower in the first half of 2024, the Tribune reported that transit crime has remained “stubbornly above” pre-COVID-19 levels. “Transit is such an open environment that it is much more difficult to protect it like you protect, let’s say, airports,” Loukaitou-Sideris said. She said that visible police presence is a deterrent, but costly, and noted that police and security can’t protect every train and station. Measures such as cameras are helpful only after a crime has been committed, she said, while suggesting that improved lighting can be a deterrent to robberies and assaults.

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Shoup on Fix for L.A.’s Scary Sidewalks

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UCLA Luskin’s Donald Shoup penned an opinion piece for the Los Angeles Times about L.A.’s many miles of long-neglected and broken sidewalks. In it, he describes the 2028 Olympic city as an “obstacle course,” especially for people with disabilities. Shoup points out that, despite the 2016 settlement of an Americans With Disabilities Act lawsuit in which the city agreed to spend $1.4 billion over 30 years to make sidewalks accessible, less than 1% of Los Angeles’ sidewalks have actually been repaired while millions of dollars have been paid out in sidewalk-related injury settlements. Shoup offers a solution — which he says is not new — in which owners can defer paying for sidewalk repairs until they sell their property. Longstanding California law holds property owners responsible for maintaining adjacent sidewalks, which he argues is too costly for many Angelenos. However, he writes, “fortunately, there is a fair and efficient way to solve the property owners’ cash-flow problems: pay-on-exit.”

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Wray-Lake on California Motor-Voter Bill

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UCLA Luskin Professor of Social Welfare Laura Wray-Lake spoke to KPBS for a story about a proposed California bill designed to increase the state’s voter rolls by automatically registering eligible voters who obtain a state identification or driver’s license, or make a change of address through the DMV. The so-called motor-voter bill — SB 299 — recently passed in the state Legislature and, if signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom, could potentially increase civic engagement among young people and predominantly Black, Latino, and Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities, according to proponents. Opponents of the bill believe it could have unintended consequences. Wray-Lake said that a number of states have successfully implemented similar legislation, citing a 2% to 3% increase in registration. She noted that California currently ranks 25th in the nation for registration of young voters. While amendments to California’s motor-voter law in 2015 implemented registration through the DMV, customers could still choose to opt out.

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Fairlie on Trend Toward ‘Pint-Size Startups’

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Robert Fairlie, chair of Public Policy at UCLA Luskin, spoke to the Wall Street Journal about “pint-size startups,” new business ventures that are operating with relatively lean staffs. While the number of people taking initial steps to launch a business surged during the pandemic, the average number of employees they hired fell sharply. Reasons for this trend include pandemic-related headwinds that have slowed hiring and entrepreneurs’ decision to keep operations small to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Keeping head count down can make it easier for young businesses to adapt to the ups and downs of the economic cycle, Fairlie said. “At some stages of growth for a small business, it can be pretty valuable. They have that flexibility,” he said. “At some stages of growth, it will hurt them.” Contractors tend to be less loyal than full-time employees, who are more likely to be committed to a company’s success, Fairlie explained.

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Astor on Common Traits of School Shooters

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A Newsweek story on the recent mass shooting at a Georgia high school called on UCLA Luskin’s Ron Avi Astor to share his expertise on campus violence. The suspected gunman, a 14-year-old boy, and his father have been charged in the shooting, which killed two teachers and two students and injured nine others. While the motive behind the George incident remains unclear, Astor described some common traits shared among school shooters. Many are suicidal, “but suicidal thoughts are fleeting,” said Astor, a professor of social welfare and education. He added that many shooters seek to sow terror on a national level. “It’s not necessarily always to target one person, or just somebody with mental health issues,” he said. “The goal is to commit terror for every child and parent in the United States, and they use the media to do that.”

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Leap Comments on California Governor’s Intervention in Policing

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UCLA Luskin Social Welfare’s Jorja Leap commented in a CalMatters article on efforts by California Gov. Gavin Newsom to influence local police agencies to change a number of law enforcement policies. Recent state intervention includes urging Oakland city leaders to change policy on police chases and the deployment of California Highway Patrol officers to Oakland and other California cities. National Guard prosecutors also have been sent to assist the district attorneys of Alameda County, San Francisco, Bakersfield and Riverside with drug cases. These efforts have drawn both support and criticism. Leap, an adjunct professor of social welfare who studies gang violence and community policing, described the state’s actions as a temporary fix for a deeply rooted problem. “We have a bunch of police chiefs who all stood up and said, ‘We can’t arrest our way out of the problem,’” Leap said. “And now we’ve got a governor going, ‘Yes, we can.’”

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Propelling L.A. Transit in New Directions

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News outlets covering Los Angeles’ pledge to host a transit-first Olympic Games spoke to experts from the Institute of Transportation Studies (ITS) at UCLA Luskin. In addition to the 2028 Olympics and Paralympics, the city will be home to the World Cup in 2026 and the Super Bowl in 2027, creating a unique incentive to propel public transportation in new directions, ITS Deputy Director Juan Matute told The Guardian. “I think people are going to say: This is the time to pull off the band-aid to make public transportation more viable,” he said. Given L.A.’s sprawl and the massive influx of visitors, people will have no choice but to rely on public transit, though there is still much to be done before Los Angeles meets its expansion goals, Jacob Wasserman, research program manager at ITS, told the Spanish-language news service EFE. This year’s UCLA Lake Arrowhead Symposium will delve into the transit challenges and opportunities created by these mega-events.

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Anheier on the Direction of Democracy Worldwide

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Helmut Anheier, adjunct professor of public policy and social welfare at UCLA Luskin, co-authored a commentary about the current state and future of democracy for Project Syndicate. Anheier and his collaborators, Joseph C. Saraceno of UCLA and Edward L. Knudsen of the Hertie School in Berlin, consider what evidence of a global “democratic recession” means. “Realism requires us to reject doomsday predictions about the imminent demise of representative government,” they argue, while cautioning, “But it also means abandoning the teleological belief that liberal democracy will inevitably triumph everywhere.” Despite democracies providing better outcomes in quality of life and public goods they have provided over much of the last half-century, Anheier and colleagues point to research they helped conduct for the 2024 Berggruen Governance Index: Of the 145 countries included in the study, nearly half had both a rising quality of life and declining democratic accountability between 2000 and 2021.

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