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Luskin Experts Join UC Consortium Aimed at Meeting Californians’ Basic Needs

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UCLA Luskin’s Paavo Monkkonen and Juan Matute have joined the Abundance Policy Research Consortium at the University of California’s Possibility Lab.

They will join a team of experts from across the state who will spend the next year developing an evidence-based policy agenda focused on expanding Californians’ access to essential resources, goods and services.

While the state is home to great economic abundance, far too many struggle with economic insecurity and a lack of access to basic goods and services. The new consortium is part of the Possibility Lab’s Abundance Accelerator, launched in April to leverage research, innovation and collaboration to work toward a “fundamentals-first” policy agenda.

Monkkonen, a professor of urban planning and public policy, will focus on housing.

“This is an exciting opportunity to work with a diverse and knowledgeable group dedicated to improving Californians’ lives,” Monkkonen said. “The state of California has taken a number of important steps on housing, but a lot of work lies ahead.”

Matute, deputy director of the UCLA Institute of Transportation Studies, will focus on transportation. The consortium’s other areas of focus are food, water, energy, health care, safety, employment, education, child care, elder care and digital connectivity.

The research developed by Monkkonen, Matute and other consortium members will be used for strategic planning by high-level California state government partners.

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Testing the Effectiveness of Big Government

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An Economist article about “Lumbering Leviathans” — governments around the world that are growing bigger and bigger with little benefit for their people — cited research from the Berggruen Governance Index. While it can be difficult to measure the efficiency of government bureaucracies, the article credits the index with devising a cross-country analysis of state capacity using objective measures, such as tax revenue, and subjective measures, such as perceptions of corruption. The Bergguen Governance Index, directed by UCLA Luskin Adjunct Professor Helmut Anheier, issues reports on its major findings as well as on individual countries. The team recently released “Tunisia’s Autocratic Resurgence” ahead of the country’s Oct. 6 elections. The report examines Tunisia’s democratic rise and possible fall in the 14 years since the “Arab Spring.”

Read the Economist article
Read the BGI report on Tunisia

 

Schools and Heat: An Extreme Challenge

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The Washington Post spoke to UCLA Luskin’s V. Kelly Turner about a new push to turn asphalt schoolyards into greener spaces that provide cooling relief at a time of rising temperatures. Turner has documented surface temperatures of 145 degrees Fahrenheit on playground asphalt, and alternatives such as rubber and artificial turf can get even hotter. “Schools are basically shade deserts,” said Turner, associate director of the UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation. Yet some districts have been slow to plant trees or install shade structures, citing funding, liability, maintenance and safety issues. “Everybody knows how to design a cool space: You put in more greenery, a ton of shade, you have lots of cross-ventilation. The problem is funding,” Turner said. “Are voters prepared to really pony up the money to make our schools safe for children in 20 or 30 years?” Turner also spoke to the Associated Press, CalMatters, Hechinger Report, LAist and The Atlantic about the impact of extreme heat on school campuses.

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Affordable Housing Aspirations and Hurdles

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UCLA Luskin’s Michael Lens spoke to CalMatters about Vice President Kamala Harris’ pledge to build 3 million affordable homes in her first term if she is elected president — and how a similar campaign promise made by California Gov. Gavin Newsom has fared. Harris’ plan includes tax incentives, an “innovation fund” to finance construction, repurposing federal land for housing, streamlining the permitting process — “all of the stuff we talk about at dorky academic conferences,” said Lens, a professor of urban planning and public policy. But as Newsom found, transforming the housing market from the top is difficult, thanks to pricey land, high construction costs, onerous regulations and community resistance. California officials are pushing to clear regulatory hurdles, with modest impact so far but the promise of a faster pace of home construction in the future. “That’s a precursor to making a lot of these things work,” Lens said. “We have to make housing more allowable in more places.”

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Gilens Book Honored for Its Enduring Influence

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UCLA Luskin’s Martin Gilens has received the Aaron Wildavsky Enduring Contribution Award from the public policy section of the American Political Science Association (APSA). The award, given in recognition of scholarly work that has made a lasting impact on the field of public policy over the years, honors Gilens’ “Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy.” The 1999 book, which sheds light on myths and misconceptions about welfare policy, public opinion and the role of the media in both, has been “profoundly influential,” APSA organizers said. They cited the book’s “rigorous analysis and insightful arguments, which have significantly advanced our knowledge of the intersection between public perception, race and policy, shaping both academic discourse and practical policy considerations.” The prize was presented this month at APSA’s annual convention in Philadelphia. Gilens, a professor of public policy, political science and social welfare at UCLA, has published widely on political inequality, mass media, race, gender and welfare politics. He is author of “Affluence & Influence: Economic Inequality and Political Power in America” and co-author of “Democracy in America?: What Has Gone Wrong and What We Can Do About It.”

 

A Decline in Student Victimization, Even in Areas of Conflict

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A new study measuring changes in campus climate at Israeli elementary schools over a 12-year period found a steady decline in students’ feelings of victimization — including marked improvements for Arab students and those from a lower socioeconomic status, a welcome surprise to researchers. The study set out to assess the prevalence of physical, emotional, social and cyber-based violence among students from different backgrounds, said UCLA Luskin Social Welfare Professor Ron Avi Astor, a co-author of the paper just published in the Journal of School Violence. Fifth- and sixth-graders at both Jewish and Arab school campuses across the country were surveyed between 2008 and 2019, a time when the Israeli education system was making significant investments in violence prevention, including retraining school staff to prioritize the creation of a caring environment. While the study did not establish a direct causal relationship between the investments and the findings, international researchers have linked improvements in school climate to policies and interventions centered on students’ social and emotional well-being. A 2023 study co-authored by Astor found this to be true at California middle and high schools, which saw a steep decline in day-to-day violence from 2001 to 2019. The study in Israel was based on data collected before the outbreak of war in Gaza in 2023, but during a time of ongoing geopolitical conflict and cultural strife. “This study shows what a positive climate in schools, cultural recognition, resources and intentional violence prevention can do to improve the lives of millions of students on a day-to-day level, even in a war-torn place like the Middle East,” Astor said.

 

Fairlie on Trend Toward ‘Pint-Size Startups’

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Robert Fairlie, chair of Public Policy at UCLA Luskin, spoke to the Wall Street Journal about “pint-size startups,” new business ventures that are operating with relatively lean staffs. While the number of people taking initial steps to launch a business surged during the pandemic, the average number of employees they hired fell sharply. Reasons for this trend include pandemic-related headwinds that have slowed hiring and entrepreneurs’ decision to keep operations small to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Keeping head count down can make it easier for young businesses to adapt to the ups and downs of the economic cycle, Fairlie said. “At some stages of growth for a small business, it can be pretty valuable. They have that flexibility,” he said. “At some stages of growth, it will hurt them.” Contractors tend to be less loyal than full-time employees, who are more likely to be committed to a company’s success, Fairlie explained.

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Astor on Common Traits of School Shooters

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A Newsweek story on the recent mass shooting at a Georgia high school called on UCLA Luskin’s Ron Avi Astor to share his expertise on campus violence. The suspected gunman, a 14-year-old boy, and his father have been charged in the shooting, which killed two teachers and two students and injured nine others. While the motive behind the George incident remains unclear, Astor described some common traits shared among school shooters. Many are suicidal, “but suicidal thoughts are fleeting,” said Astor, a professor of social welfare and education. He added that many shooters seek to sow terror on a national level. “It’s not necessarily always to target one person, or just somebody with mental health issues,” he said. “The goal is to commit terror for every child and parent in the United States, and they use the media to do that.”

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Establishing a Renter’s Right to Air Conditioning

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A Smart Cities Dive article examining local policies that establish a renter’s right to cooling equipment cited two experts from the UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation, Gregory Pierce and V. Kelly Turner. A number of cities are mandating cooling requirements, but in many cases tenants are still on the hook for their energy bills. Pierce recommended that cities and utilities work together to make cooling more affordable, particularly during hotter weather. Turner said any equity-oriented program must involve listening to community members about the tough choices they must make, and she encouraged local governments to act swiftly: “The question is, ‘Can we get something on the books to at least give people a fighting chance of having a safe thermal environment?” A separate article by The Good Men Project cited a Center for Innovation report that found that, in California, 29% of renters, compared to 20% of homeowners, do not have central or room air conditioners.

Read the Smart Cities Dive article
Read the Good Men Project article